chore: configure Black as the default Python code formatter

.flake8

@@ -1,28 +1,11 @@
 [flake8]
-# Maximum line length allowed
-max-line-length = 127
-
-# Maximum allowed code complexity (10 is a reasonable threshold)
+max-line-length = 88
 max-complexity = 10
-
-# Only check for specific error codes:
-# - E9  -> Syntax errors
-# - F63 -> Issues related to improper usage of `+=`, `-=`, etc.
-# - F7  -> Issues related to improper `break`, `continue`, etc.
-# - F82 -> Undefined names
-select = E9,F63,F7,F82
-
-# Exclude `.venv` from linting (prevents checking dependencies)
+select = E,F,W
+extend-ignore = E203, W503
 exclude = .venv
-
-# Print the count of linting errors
+per-file-ignores = tests/test_main.py: E501
 count = True
-
-# Show the exact source of the error
 show-source = True
-
-# Display statistics of errors at the end of the report
 statistics = True
-
-# Enable verbose mode for more detailed output
 verbose = True

.github/workflows/python-app.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           cache: 'pip'
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
+      - name: Install lint dependencies
         run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install -r requirements-lint.txt
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           flake8 .
 
+      - name: Check code formatting with Black
+        run: |
+          black --check .
+
   test:
     needs: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
           cache: 'pip'
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
+      - name: Install test dependencies
         run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install -r requirements-test.txt

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   "recommendations": [
     "ms-python.python",
     "ms-python.vscode-pylance",
+    "ms-python.black-formatter",
     "github.vscode-pull-request-github",
     "github.vscode-github-actions",
     "ms-azuretools.vscode-containers",

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
     "**/.git": true,
     "**/.DS_Store": true
   },
+  "editor.wordWrapColumn": 88,
+  "editor.rulers": [88],
   "[python]": {
-    "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.autopep8",
+    "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter",
     "editor.formatOnSave": true
   },
   "sonarlint.connectedMode.project": {

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -10,43 +10,58 @@ We value **incremental, detail‑first contributions** over big rewrites or abst
 ## 2. Code & Commit Conventions
 
 - **Conventional Commits**
-  Follow <https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/>:
-  - `feat: …` for new features
-  - `fix: …` for bug fixes
-  - `chore: …` for maintenance
+  Follow <https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/>:
+  - `feat: ` for new features
+  - `fix: ` for bug fixes
+  - `chore: ` for maintenance or tooling
 
 - **Logical Commits**
-  Group changes by purpose. It’s okay to have multiple commits in a PR, but if they’re mere checkpoints, squash them into a single logical commit.
-
-- **Lint & Tests**
-  Run existing linters/formatters and ensure all tests pass.
+  Group changes by purpose. Multiple commits are fine, but avoid noise. Squash when appropriate.
+
+- **Python Formatting & Style**
+  - Use **[Black](https://black.readthedocs.io/)** for consistent code formatting.
+    - Black is opinionated: don't argue with it, just run it.
+    - Line length is set to **88**, matching the default.
+  - Use **[flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/)** for static checks.
+    - Line length also set to 88.
+    - Some flake8 warnings are disabled (e.g. `E203`, `W503`) to avoid conflicts with Black.
+  - Run `black .` and `flake8` before submitting.
+  - Use Python **3.13.x** for local testing and formatting.
+
+- **Testing**
+  - Run `pytest` before pushing.
+  - Ensure coverage isn’t regressing.
 
 ## 3. Pull Request Workflow
 
 - **One logical change per PR.**
-- **Rebase or squash** before opening to keep history concise.
+- **Rebase or squash** before opening to keep history clean.
 - **Title & Description**
-  - Title uses Conventional Commits style.
-  - Description explains _what_ and _why_—keep context minimal.
+  - Use Conventional Commit format.
+  - Explain _what_ and _why_ concisely in the PR body.
 
 ## 4. Issue Reporting
 
-- Search existing issues first.
-- Provide a minimal reproducible example and clear steps.
+- Search open issues before creating a new one.
+- Include clear steps to reproduce and environment details.
+- Prefer **focused** issues—don’t bundle multiple topics.
 
 ## 5. Automation & Checks
 
-We enforce quality via CI on every push and PR:
+All PRs and pushes go through CI:
 
-- **Commitlint** for commit‑message style
-- **Linters/Formatters**
-- **Unit tests**
+- **Commitlint** for commit style
+- **Black** for formatting
+- **flake8** for static checks
+- **pytest** with coverage
 
-Failures must be fixed before review.
+PRs must pass all checks to be reviewed.
 
 ## 6. Code of Conduct & Support
 
-- Please see `CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md` for behavioral expectations and reporting.
-- For quick questions or discussions, open an issue with the `discussion` label or mention a maintainer.
+- See `CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md` for guidelines and reporting.
+- For questions or planning, open an issue and use the `discussion` label, or mention a maintainer.
+
+---
 
-Thanks again for helping keep this project small, simple, and impactful!
+Thanks again for helping keep this project small, sharp, and focused.

databases/player_database.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 The `STORAGE_PATH` environment variable controls the SQLite file location.
 """
+
 import logging
 import os
 from typing import AsyncGenerator
@@ -21,16 +22,11 @@
 logging.getLogger("sqlalchemy.engine.Engine").handlers = logger.handlers
 
 async_engine = create_async_engine(
-    DATABASE_URL,
-    connect_args={"check_same_thread": False},
-    echo=True
+    DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, echo=True
 )
 
 async_sessionmaker = sessionmaker(
-    bind=async_engine,
-    class_=AsyncSession,
-    autocommit=False,
-    autoflush=False
+    bind=async_engine, class_=AsyncSession, autocommit=False, autoflush=False
 )
 
 Base = declarative_base()

main.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 This serves as the entry point for running the API server.
 """
+
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 import logging
 from typing import AsyncIterator
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
 UVICORN_LOGGER = "uvicorn.error"
 logger = logging.getLogger(UVICORN_LOGGER)
 
+
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
     """
@@ -25,10 +27,13 @@ async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
     logger.info("Lifespan event handler execution complete.")
     yield
 
-app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan,
-              title="python-samples-fastapi-restful",
-              description="🧪 Proof of Concept for a RESTful API made with Python 3 and FastAPI",
-              version="1.0.0",)
+
+app = FastAPI(
+    lifespan=lifespan,
+    title="python-samples-fastapi-restful",
+    description="🧪 Proof of Concept for a RESTful API made with Python 3 and FastAPI",
+    version="1.0.0",
+)
 
 app.include_router(player_route.api_router)
 app.include_router(health_route.api_router)

models/player_model.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 These models are used for data validation and serialization in the API.
 """
+
 from typing import Optional
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 from pydantic.alias_generators import to_camel
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ class MainModel(BaseModel):
                 Here, it uses `to_camel` to convert field names to camelCase.
             populate_by_name (bool): Allows population of fields by name when using Pydantic models.
     """
+
     model_config = ConfigDict(alias_generator=to_camel, populate_by_name=True)
 
 
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ class PlayerModel(MainModel):
         league (Optional[str]): The league where the team plays, if any.
         starting11 (Optional[bool]): Indicates if the Player is in the starting 11, if provided.
     """
+
     id: int
     first_name: str
     middle_name: Optional[str]

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[tool.black]
+line-length = 88
+target-version = ['py313']
+include = '\.pyi?$'
+exclude = '''
+/(
+    \.git
+  | \.github
+  | \.pytest_cache
+  | \.venv
+  | \.vscode
+  | assets
+  | htmlcov
+  | postman_collections
+  | scripts
+  | storage
+  | __pycache__
+  | tests/test_main\.py
+)/
+'''

requirements-lint.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 flake8==7.2.0
+black==25.1.0

routes/health_route.py

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 Defines a simple endpoint to verify that the service is up and running.
 Returns a JSON response with a "status" key set to "ok".
 """
+
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 
 api_router = APIRouter()
 
+
 @api_router.get("/health", tags=["Health"])
 async def health_check():
     """