fix(middleware): move UseCors() before MapControllers(), add inline docs (#451)

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ This project uses famous football stadiums (A-Z) that hosted FIFA World Cup matc
 
 ### Changed
 
+- Move `UseCors()` before `MapControllers()` in `Program.cs` to follow the standard ASP.NET Core middleware pipeline order; add an `Infrastructure` service registration section separating cross-cutting concerns (health checks, CORS, rate limiting, Swagger) from the `Controllers` section; add descriptive phrases to top-level section banners; add inline comments explaining the purpose and ordering rationale of each middleware; document the dev-only CORS policy intent in both `Program.cs` and `ServiceCollectionExtensions.AddCorsDefaultPolicy` (#451)
 - Replace pre-seeded `storage/players-sqlite3.db` binary blob with EF Core `MigrateAsync()` at startup: schema and seed data are now applied automatically before the first request is served; `STORAGE_PATH` env var controls the database file path (Docker volume path in production, `AppContext.BaseDirectory/storage/` locally); the committed database file, `Dockerfile` db copy step, and `scripts/run-migrations-and-copy-database.sh` have been removed (#459)
 - Recreate EF Core migrations using `HasData()` in `OnModelCreating`: three self-contained migrations (`InitialCreate` DDL, `SeedStarting11` DML, `SeedSubstitutes` DML) generated by EF Core with literal `InsertData` values — no migration calls application methods; `NormalizePlayerDataset` patch migration eliminated by folding corrections into seed data from the start (#459)
 - Replace `DatabaseFakes.CreateTable()` (placeholder schema) and `DatabaseFakes.Seed()` (manual insert bypassing migrations) with `DatabaseFakes.MigrateAsync()`, which applies the full EF Core migration chain on in-memory SQLite (#459)

src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -54,10 +54,21 @@ IWebHostEnvironment environment
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Adds a default CORS policy that allows any origin, method, and header.
+    /// Adds a default CORS policy that allows any origin, method, and header,
+    /// restricted to the Development environment.
     /// <br />
     /// <see href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/cors"/>
     /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// The permissive wildcard policy (AllowAnyOrigin, AllowAnyMethod, AllowAnyHeader)
+    /// is intentional for local development, where Swagger UI and local frontends
+    /// need unrestricted cross-origin access. No CORS policy is registered in
+    /// Production or other environments, where the API is assumed to be consumed
+    /// server-to-server or to sit behind a reverse proxy on the same origin, making
+    /// CORS irrelevant. If a production frontend on a different domain is ever added,
+    /// replace this with a restrictive named policy that enumerates specific allowed
+    /// origins instead of using a wildcard.
+    /// </remarks>
     /// <param name="services">The IServiceCollection instance.</param>
     /// <param name="environment">The web host environment.</param>
     /// <returns>The IServiceCollection for method chaining.</returns>

src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/Program.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Web Application
+ * Registers all services into the DI container before the application is built.
+ * Throughout this section, builder.Services refers to the ASP.NET Core
+ * dependency injection (DI) container — not to be confused with the Services
+ * subsection below, which registers our own application-level business logic.
  * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/startup
  * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -22,11 +26,9 @@
 Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration().ReadFrom.Configuration(builder.Configuration).CreateLogger();
 builder.Host.UseSerilog();
 
-/* Controllers -------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Infrastructure ----------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 builder.Services.AddHealthChecks();
-builder.Services.AddControllers();
-builder.Services.AddValidators();
 builder.Services.AddCorsDefaultPolicy(builder.Environment);
 builder.Services.AddFixedWindowRateLimiter(builder.Configuration);
 
@@ -35,7 +37,12 @@
     builder.Services.AddSwaggerConfiguration(builder.Configuration);
 }
 
-/* Services ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Controllers -------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+builder.Services.AddControllers();
+builder.Services.AddValidators();
+
+/* Services (Business Logic) ------------------------------------------------ */
 
 builder.Services.RegisterPlayerService();
 builder.Services.AddMemoryCache();
@@ -53,6 +60,7 @@
 
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Database Migration
+ * Applies pending EF Core migrations at startup, before the app accepts requests.
  * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/managing-schemas/migrations/applying#apply-migrations-at-runtime
  * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -64,21 +72,54 @@
 
 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Middlewares
+ * Defines the order in which middleware components process each HTTP request.
  * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/middleware
+ * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/middleware#middleware-order
  * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
+// Replaces the default ASP.NET Core request logging with Serilog's structured
+// logging, emitting one log entry per request with timing, status code, and
+// other contextual properties.
 app.UseSerilogRequestLogging();
+
+// Custom middleware that catches unhandled exceptions and returns a consistent
+// RFC 7807 Problem Details response instead of exposing a raw stack trace.
 app.UseExceptionHandling();
+
+// Redirects all plain HTTP requests to HTTPS, enforcing transport security.
 app.UseHttpsRedirection();
+
+// Intentionally registered before UseRateLimiter so that health check probes
+// always succeed regardless of rate-limiting thresholds, allowing monitoring
+// and orchestration systems to assess liveness and readiness without being
+// throttled.
 app.MapHealthChecks("/health");
+
+// Enforces the fixed-window rate limiting policy defined during service
+// registration, returning 429 Too Many Requests when the limit is exceeded.
 app.UseRateLimiter();
-app.MapControllers();
 
 if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
 {
+    // Only active in Development, where AddCorsDefaultPolicy registers a
+    // permissive wildcard policy for Swagger UI and local frontends. No policy
+    // exists in Production — the API is assumed to be consumed server-to-server
+    // or behind a reverse proxy on the same origin, where CORS is not needed.
+    // Must precede MapControllers so CORS headers are applied before any
+    // endpoint executes, consistent with the standard middleware pipeline order.
     app.UseCors();
+
+    // Generates the OpenAPI JSON document consumed by Swagger UI.
     app.UseSwagger();
+
+    // Serves the interactive Swagger UI at /swagger, allowing manual
+    // exploration and testing of the API endpoints during development.
     app.UseSwaggerUI();
 }
 
+// Routes incoming HTTP requests to the matching controller actions. Must come
+// after all middleware that needs to run before endpoint execution (CORS, rate
+// limiting, etc.).
+app.MapControllers();
+
 await app.RunAsync();